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nmcli-examplesnmcli-examples — usage examples of nmcli |
Synopsis
Description
nmcli is a command-line client for NetworkManager. It allows controlling NetworkManager and reporting its status. For more information please refer to nmcli(1) manual page.
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The purpose of this manual page is to provide you with various examples and usage scenarios of nmcli.
Examples
Example 1. Listing available Wi-Fi APs
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This command shows how to list available Wi-Fi networks (APs). You can also use --fields option for displaying different columns. nmcli -f all dev wifi list will show all of them.
Example 2. Connect to a password-protected wifi network
Example 3. Showing general information and properties for a Wi-Fi interface
This command shows information about a Wi-Fi device.
Example 4. Listing NetworkManager polkit permissions
This command shows configured polkit permissions for various NetworkManager operations. These permissions or actions (using polkit language) are configured by a system administrator and are not meant to be changed by users. The usual place for the polkit configuration is /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.policy. pkaction command can display description for polkit actions.
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Example 5. Listing NetworkManager log level and domains
This command shows current NetworkManager logging status.
Example 6. Changing NetworkManager logging
The first command makes NetworkManager log in DEBUG level, and only for CORE, ETHER and IP domains. The second command restores the default logging state. Please refer to the NetworkManager.conf(5) manual page for available logging levels and domains.
One man band 11 full version crack. Example 7. Activating a VPN connection profile requiring interactive password input
This command activates a VPN connection profile enabling nmcli to interact with the user ('--ask'): this will allow nmcli to prompt for the VPN password on the command line when the password-flags are set to '0x02' ('always ask', see nm-settings(5) ). This is particularly useful for OTP based VPNs, as the user needs to be prompted for the password each time the connection is activated.
Example 8. Adding a bonding master and two slave connection profiles
This example demonstrates adding a bond master connection and two slaves. The first command adds a master bond connection, naming the bonding interface mybond0 and using active-backup mode. The next two commands add slaves connections, both enslaved to mybond0. The first slave will be bound to eth1 interface, the second to eth2.
Example 9. Adding a team master and two slave connection profiles
This example demonstrates adding a team master connection profile and two slaves. It is very similar to the bonding example. The first command adds a master team profile, naming the team interface and the profile Team1. The team configuration for the master is read from team1-master-json.conf file. Later, you can change the configuration with modify command (nmcli con modify Team1 team.config team1-master-another-json.conf). The last two commands add slaves profiles, both enslaved to Team1. The first slave will be bound to em1 interface, the second to em2. The slaves don't specify config and thus teamd will use its default configuration. You will activate the whole setup by activating both slaves:
By default, the created profiles are marked for auto-activation. But if another connection has been activated on the device, the new profile won't activate automatically and you need to activate it manually.
Example 10. Adding a bridge and two slave profiles
This example demonstrates adding a bridge master connection and two slaves. The first command adds a master bridge connection, naming the bridge interface and the profile as TowerBridge. The next two commands add slaves profiles, both will be enslaved to TowerBridge. The first slave will be tied to ens3 interface, the second to ens4. The last command will disable 802.1D STP for the TowerBridge profile.
Example 11. Adding an ethernet connection profile with manual IP configuration
The first command adds an Ethernet connection profile named my-con-em1 that is bound to interface name em1. The profile is configured with static IP addresses. Three addresses are added, two IPv4 addresses and one IPv6. The first IP 192.168.100.100 has a prefix of 24 (netmask equivalent of 255.255.255.0). Gateway entry will become the default route if this profile is activated on em1 interface (and there is no connection with higher priority). The next two addresses do not specify a prefix, so a default prefix will be used, i.e. 32 for IPv4 and 128 for IPv6. The second, third and fourth commands modify DNS parameters of the new connection profile. The last con show command displays the profile so that all parameters can be reviewed.
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Example 12. Convenient field values retrieval for scripting
This example shows retrieval of ip4 connection field values via the --get-values option. Delta unisaw serial numbers. Multiple comma separated fields can be provided: they will be printed one per line. If a whole section is provided instead of a single field, the name of the section will be printed followed by all the related field values on the same line. See also --terse, --mode, --fields and --escape options in nmcli(1) manual page for more customized output.
Example 13. Adding an Ethernet connection and configuring SR-IOV VFs
This example demonstrates adding an Ethernet connection for physical function (PF) ens4 and configuring 3 SR-IOV virtual functions (VFs) on it. The first VF is configured with MAC address 00:11:22:33:44:55 and VLAN 10, the second one has the trust and spoof-check features respectively enabled and disabled. VF number 2 has a maximux transmission rate of 20Mbps. The kernel is instructed to not automatically instantiate a network interface for the VFs.
Example 14. Escaping colon characters in tabular mode
This example shows escaping colon characters in tabular mode. It may be useful for script processing, because ':' is used as a field separator.
Example 15. nmcli usage in a NetworkManager dispatcher script to make Ethernet and Wi-Fi mutually exclusive
This dispatcher script makes Wi-Fi mutually exclusive with wired networking. When a wired interface is connected, Wi-Fi will be set to airplane mode (rfkilled). When the wired interface is disconnected, Wi-Fi will be turned back on. Name this script e.g. 70-wifi-wired-exclusive.sh and put it into /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/ directory. See NetworkManager(8) manual page for more information about NetworkManager dispatcher scripts.
Example sessions of interactive connection editor
Example 16. Adding an ethernet connection profile in interactive editor (a)
Example session in the nmcli interactive connection editor. The scenario creates an Ethernet connection profile with static addressing (IPs and DNS).
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Example 17. Bluetooth connection profiles
NetworkManger supports both connecting to NAP and DUN devices as a client. It also supports sharing the network via a NAP server.
For NAP client connections, NetworkManager automatically creates a suitable in-memory profile for paired devices if none is available. You may use that generated profile directly, but you may also modify and persist it, which will prevent to automatically re-create it. You may also create a profile from scratch. For example, the following uses DHCP and IPv6 autoconf for address configuration:
For DUN connections, the user needs to configure modem settings and hence no profile gets created automatically. The modem settings depend on your device and you either need a 'gsm' or a 'csma' section. For example,
Finally, you can create a bluetooth hotspot. BlueZ implements those as a bridge device, so such profiles also have a bridge section. Also, you probably want to set IP methods as 'shared', so that clients get automatic IP addressing. Note that the 'shared' IPv4 method requires dnsmasq to be available.
See Also
nmcli(1), NetworkManager(8), NetworkManager.conf(5), nm-settings(5), nm-online(1), nm-applet(1), nm-connection-editor(1)
Today, users run their notebooks everywhere. To stay connected you use the local wifi to access the internet, on the couch at home or in a little cafe with your favorite coffee. But modern hotspots track you based on your MAC address, an address that is unique per network card, and in this way identifies your device. Read more below about how to avoid this kind of tracking.
Why is this a problem? Many people use the word “privacy” to talk about this issue. But the concern is not about someone accessing the private contents of your laptop (that’s a separate issue). Instead, it’s about legibility — in simple terms, the ability to be easily counted and tracked. You can and should read more about legibility. But the bottom line is legibility gives the tracker power over the tracked. For instance, timed WiFi leases at the airport can only be enforced when you’re legible.
Since a fixed MAC address for your laptop is so legible (easily tracked), you should change it often. A random address is a good choice. Since MAC-addresses are only used within a local network, a random MAC-address is unlikely to cause a collision.
Configuring NetworkManager
To apply randomized MAC-addresses by default to all WiFi connections, create the following file /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf :
Afterward, restart NetworkManager:
Set cloned-mac-address to stable to generate the same hashed MAC every time a NetworkManager connection activates, but use a different MAC with each connection. To get a truly random MAC with every activation, use random instead.
The stable setting is useful to get the same IP address from DHCP, or a captive portal might remember your login status based on the MAC address. With random you may be required to re-authenticate (or click “I agree”) on every connect. You probably want “random” for that airport WiFi. See the NetworkManager blog post for a more detailed discussion and instructions for using nmcli to configure specific connections from the terminal.
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To see your current MAC addresses, use ip link. The MAC follows the word ether.
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When not to randomize your MAC address
Naturally, there are times when you do need to be legible. For instance, on your home network, you may have configured your router to assign your notebook a consistent private IP for port forwarding. Or you might allow only certain MAC addresses to use the WiFi. Your employer probably requires legibility as well.
To change a specific WiFi connection, use nmcli to see your NetworkManager connections and show the current settings:
To change a specific WiFi connection, use nmcli to see your NetworkManager connections and show the current settings:
This example uses a fully random MAC for Amtrak (which is currently using the default), and the permanent MAC for MyHome (currently set to stable). The permanent MAC was assigned to your network interface when it was manufactured. Network admins like to use the permanent MAC to see manufacturer IDs on the wire.
Now, make the changes and reconnect the active interface:
You can also install NetworkManager-tui to get the nmtui command for nice menus when editing connections.
Conclusion
When you walk down the street, you should stay aware of your surroundings, and on the alert for danger. In the same way, learn to be aware of your legibility when using public internet resources.